Studies continue for efflux pumps, which is one of the resistance mechanisms of microorganisms. There are several inhibitors for the inhibition of efflux pumps, but due to the toxic effect of the inhibitors, they have limited clinical use. It is mostly proposed that the toxicity will decrease if natural compounds are used as inhibitors. Naringenin, quercetin, and umbelliferone, which are plant-derived compounds, were tested for their efflux pump inhibition activities against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), three multidrug-resistant E. coli strains, multidrug resistance (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia odifera, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in this study. The efflux pump activities were investigated by using the Cartwheel method with ethidium bromide (EtBr) dye on LB agar using the MIC/2 concentrations of the compounds. At the end of the experiment, observation was made under ultraviolet (UV) light. According to the results of the study, phytochemical compounds were observed to present efflux pumps inhibiting activities. Further studies were recommended to determine the relationship between the inhibitor and the efflux pump families.
Altinoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2022). Observing the presence of efflux pump activities in some clinically isolated bacterial strains. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 15(1): 48-54.
Altinoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2020). Responses of some Escherichia coli clinical isolate strains with multiple drug resistance and overexpressed efflux pumps against efflux pump inhibitors. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 13(1): 77-87.
Altinoz, E. (2019). Çoklu İlaç Direnci Gösteren Ve Efflux Pompa Sistemi Çalışan Escherichia Coli Suşlarının Efflux Pompası İnhibitörlerine Karşı Cevaplarının Gözlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kastamonu Üniversitesi).
Altinoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2019). Antibiotic resistance and efflux pumps. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 3(2): 1-9.