Antibiotics are compounds that can stop the reproduction or kill microorganisms, but for some reason, microorganisms in time show resistance to antibiotics. Using efflux pumps, theantibiotic entered into the bacterial cell is pumped out; therefore, it cannot act against bacteria. This situation increases antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Thus, microorganisms willdevelop multiple drug resistance against not only the antibiotic used but also many other antibiotics and rapidly spread to the environment. For this reason, antibiotic resistance hasbecome a major problem all over the world, and new antibiotics and efflux pump inhibitor studies, which can affect these microorganisms that are resistant to multiple drugs arecontinuing rapidly. In this study, the behavior of 7 Escherichia coli, 1 Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 Enterococcus faecium, and 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains having active efflux pumpsand developed multidrug resistance, against both fungal extracts and the current efflux pump inhibitor verapamil were investigated. In this study, the effects of some extracts incombination with antibiotics on MDR bacteria were investigated. The research was conducted using FTIR analysis. The FTIR results provided information about the mode of action ofthe extracts. According to the results of the FTIR analysis; in the extract - antibiotic combinations in which the inhibiting activities were seen, changes were observed mainly in fattyacids, proteins, carboxyl groups of free amino acids, polysaccharides, RNA/DNA, and also changes in the fingerprint region. It is important to carry out further studies in terms ofconfirming and expanding the data obtained.
Altınoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2022). Observing the presence of efflux pump activities in some clinically isolated bacterial strains. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 15(1): 48-54.
Altınoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2020). Responses of some Escherichia coli clinical isolate strains with multiple drug resistance and overexpressed efflux pumps against efflux pump inhibitors. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 13(1): 77-87.
Altınoz, E. (2019). Çoklu İlaç Direnci Gösteren Ve Efflux Pompa Sistemi Çalışan Escherichia Coli Suşlarının Efflux Pompası İnhibitörlerine Karşı Cevaplarının Gözlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kastamonu Üniversitesi).
Altınoz, E., Altuner, E.M. (2019). Antibiotic resistance and efflux pumps. International Journal of Innovative Research and Reviews, 3(2): 1-9.