Heavy metal analysis of wild edible mushrooms grown in Türkiye and assessment of possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk

Seref Turhan1, Ilgaz Akata2, Eda Kumru3, Ergin Murat Altuner4

1Kastamonu University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey
2Ankara University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Besevler, Ankara 06100, Turkey
3Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey
4Kastamonu University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey
* Corresponding author: serefturhan63@gmail.com, sturhan@kastamonu.edu.tr

In this study, heavy metals (HM) composition of in seventy-three wild edible mushroom (WEM) species collected from unpolluted areas in fourteen provinces of Türkiye was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Cd, Hg, Pb and As analyzed in WEM species varied from 1.1 to 76.3, 13.8–822.7, 9.5–8867.0, < 3.0–31.8, 5.1–44.4, 3.8–380.2, 17.9–912.0, < 0.5–19.5, < 0.8–4.9, < 0.9–15.6, < 0.8–31.9 and < 0.5–257.4mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were higher than the limits recommended by the Turkish Food Codex for cultivated mushrooms. The potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by the ingestion of WEM species containing HMs were assessed by estimating the hazard and total cancer risk index. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment reveals no risk for consumption of the studied WEM species for adult consumers, except for two WEM species. On the other hand, 26% of the values of the total cancer risk index assessed for Cr, As, Pb, and Ni in WEM species exceed the acceptable limit (≥ 10−4).
Keywords: Mushrooms; Heavy metal; EDXRF; Health risk assessment; Hazard index; Cancer risk index; Türkiye

How to cite: Turhan S, Akata I, Kumru E, Altuner EM. (2024). Heavy metal analysis of wild edible mushrooms grown in Türkiye and assessment of possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 135106581.

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